Pamene muganiza za buluu, mungaganize za nyanja yowinduka, onani thambo labuluu labata, lingalirani za malo a Jiangnan kumene “dzuŵa limatuluka ndipo maluŵa amakhala ofiira ngati moto, ndipo ikafika nyengo ya masika mtsinjewo umakhala wobiriwira kwambiri. blue", mungamve ngati Han Yu "Ali kuti mitambo kudutsa mapiri a Qinling?" Chisoni cha ngwazi yotayika imawonetsedwa mu "chipale chofewa chimakumbatira buluu ndipo kavalo amasiya kupita patsogolo"… Buluu ndi bata, wodekha, wodekha komanso wokongola. Lero tifalitsa mtundu wa buluu m'chilengedwe -phycocyanin.
Monga tonse tikudziwira, mitundu itatu yayikulu m'chilengedwe ndi yofiira, yachikasu, ndi yabuluu. Buluu wapatsidwa matanthauzo ambiri komanso ndiye mphamvu yayikulu pakuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nkhumba zachilengedwe za buluu ndizosowa m'chilengedwe. Sikophweka kupeza zotetezeka komanso zodalirika zachilengedwe zopangira buluu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makampani azakudya. Mitundu ya buluu yomwe panopa imaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu "National Food Safety Standards" ikuphatikizapo buluu wonyezimira, algae blue, gardenia blue, etc. Pakati pawo, buluu wonyezimira ndi algal blue amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Bluu wowala
Brilliant Blue, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Edible Cyan No. 1 ndi Edible Blue No. 2, ndi madzi osungunuka omwe si a azo colorant. Ndi organic pawiri ndi mamolekyulu formula C37H34N2Na2O9S3 ndi wachibale molekyulu misa 792.84. Buluu wonyezimira ndi mtundu wa buluu wodyedwa. Ndi mtundu wa pigment wopangidwa ndi madzi komanso chowonjezera chosungunuka m'madzi chomwe sicha azo. Zimapangidwa ndi benzaldehyde o-sulfonic acid ndi N-ethyl-N-(3-sulfobenzyl) -aniline. Amapangidwa ndi condensation ndi oxidation. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati colorant muzakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola ndi mafakitale ena. M'makampani azakudya, ndi oyenera kukongoletsa makeke, maswiti, zakumwa, etc. Kudya kwanthawi yayitali komanso mopitilira muyeso kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa mthupi. Malinga ndi kuyezetsa, kuloledwa kwa thupi la munthu tsiku lililonse ndi 0-12.5mg/kg. Kumwa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kusamvana, kusagawika m'mimba, kusakhazikika, khansa ndi zoopsa zina. Kuyesera kwawonetsa kuti kusintha kwa kutentha sikukhudza kukhazikika kwa buluu wowala, ndipo kumakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, kukana kutentha kwakukulu kwa madigiri 283. Ku China, mafakitale ambiri azakudya amasankha buluu wowala chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, mphamvu zopangira zolimba komanso kukhazikika kwabwino. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwake sikuli kwakukulu, kuzigwiritsa ntchito pakapita nthawi kumakhalabe ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa thupi.
Gwero laPhycocyanin
Phycocyanin ndi ufa wakuda wabuluu wolekanitsidwa ndi spirulina. Ndi puloteni yayikulu yogwira ntchito mu spirulina, yomwe imawerengera 20% ya maziko owuma a spirulina. Makamaka amapezeka mu cyanobacteria, algae wofiira ndi cryptophytes. Phycocyanin nthawi zambiri imagawidwa kukhala C-phycocyanin ndi R-phycocyanin. Sikuti ndi mapuloteni okha, komanso zakudya zabwino zachilengedwe za pigment komanso chakudya chabwino cha thanzi. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, fulorosenti, ndipo ndi mtundu wabuluu wachilengedwe wozindikiridwa ndi US FDA.
Phycocyanin ili ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri komanso mitundu 8 ya ma amino acid omwe amafunidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Ndi micronutrient yomwe ndi yosavuta kuti thupi la munthu lizindikire ndikuyamwa. Ali ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, choncho amadziwika bwino kuti "diamondi ya chakudya".
Phycocyanin ndi molekyulu ya protein yomwe imapezeka mu cyanobacteria ndi algae. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi magulu anayi amtundu wa buluu omwe amapanga mphete yayikulu. Gulu lililonse la pigment lili ndi mphete ya benzopyrrole ya buluu ndi mphete yobiriwira ya pyrrole. Magulu anayi a pigmentwa amalumikizidwa ndi zotsalira za mapuloteni ena kudzera m'magulu a carboxyl pa mphete ya benzene. Molekyu yonseyo ndi yooneka ngati diski ndipo imatha kutengera kuwala kwakutali. Zogulitsa za ufa wa Phycocyanin ndizokhazikika ndipo zimatha kusungidwa m'chidebe chosindikizidwa kutentha. Madzi osungunuka amakhala osakhazikika ngati apitilira madigiri 60 Celsius.
Anzanu ambiri amakonda kuzilala akamapanga zinthu. Zingakhale chifukwa chakuti kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phycocyanin isakhalenso yokhazikika. Kuonjezera apo, okosijeni amathanso kuchititsa kuti phycocyanin isinthe mtundu, womwe umakhala wokhazikika pansi pa asidi ofooka komanso osalowerera ndale (PH4 .5-8), mpweya umapezeka pamene uli acidic (PH
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Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-02-2024
